Conditions We Treat

Abdominal Pain: Outpatient

Abdominal pain (pain in the stomach area) can happen for many reasons. This Helping Hand will explain when action needs to be taken.

Acanthosis Nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is a dark patch that appears on on your neck, armpit, under the breast or a skin crease. It is usually a sign that your body is making extra insulin that it cannot use well.

Acne

Acne is the one of the most common skin problems that young people have. Almost everyone will develop acne to some degree. Some people have more pimples than others. Treatment requires time, patience, and regular use of any medicine you are given.

Active Tuberculosis Disease

Active TB disease is contagious and is often spread through the air. Learn how this condition can be treated.

Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

Allergic rhinitis is a condition commonly known as hay fever. It affects millions of people in the United States. There are two types of allergic rhinitis: seasonal (occurs during a season) and perennial (occurs year around).

Allergies to Foods

A food allergy occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to certain foods. The body then makes antibodies to that food and an allergic reaction occurs.

Allergy to Stinging Insects

Children who are allergic to the venom (poison) in bee stings and other insects should be very careful not to get stung. The most common stinging insects found in the Ohio area are: honeybees, wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets.

Ankle Sprain

An ankle sprain is a stretching or tearing of the ligaments in the ankle. Signs of an ankle injury include pain, swelling or trouble walking. Often this happens after an injury that involves twisting or rolling of the ankle.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of four main ligaments in the knee. Learn more about this injury and how it is treated. 

Apnea

Apnea is a pause in breathing that lasts 20 seconds or longer for full-term infants. Most infants outgrow this problem by the time they are a year old.

Asthma and Reactive Airway Disease (RAD) (Wheezing)

Prepare for your child's asthma flare ups with this Helping Hand.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) begins before a child is 7 years of age. Symptoms are usually noticed by the time a child is school age. It occurs more often in boys than in girls. Children with ADHD may be bright and creative but may have difficulty with learning or behavior.

Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis, or BV, is an infection of the vagina. Learn more about this condition.

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Becker muscular dystrophy is the same basic disease as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, except it is less common and the symptoms are milder and slower to progress.

Branchial Cleft Cyst/Sinus/Fistula

If your child has a draining pit on their neck or around the ear, or if there is an area of fullness in the neck, this may represent a branchial anomaly

Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis affects the small airways in the lower respiratory tract. These small airways become swollen and filled with mucus and tiny cell particles. The narrow airways make it hard for the child to breathe out.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

BPD is a chronic lung disease. It happens in babies who are born prematurely and who have had breathing problems. Learn more about this condition.

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Cerebral Palsy is an injury or abnormality of the developing brain that affects movement. This means that something happened to the brain or the brain did not develop normally. 

Chest Wall Tumors

A variety of soft tissue tumors can present in the chest wall, including benign conditions, such as neurofibromas, and malignant tumors, such as soft tissue sarcomas.

Chickenpox

What to expect if your child has the chickenpox. 

Chlamydia

Anyone who has sex has a chance of getting chlamydia. Those who have had more than one partner are at greater risk. Most people who have Chlamydia have no symptoms and do not realize they have the infection.

Clubfoot

A clubfoot is a foot disorder in which the foot turns inward and downward at birth and remains tight in this position. This Helping Hand will explain how this can be treated.

Congenital Hypothyroidism

When a baby is born without enough thyroid hormone, it is called congenital hypothyroidism.

Congestive Heart Failure

Congestive heart failure happens when the heart does not pump enough blood to the body for normal function and activity. Learn more about signs and symptoms and treatment for this condition.

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis may be caused by germs (viruses or bacteria), an allergy, or by something that gets into the eye. Conjunctivitis caused by germs is very contagious.

Constipation and Fecal Soiling

Fecal soiling is the leakage of stool that a child cannot control. Learn more about this condition.

Constipation: Child Over One Year of Age

Constipation in children can cause concern for parents. Sometimes children have poor stooling habits because they are not encouraged to go to the bathroom on a regular schedule. Sometimes, they are just "too busy" playing or doing something else to spend enough time on the toilet to stool.

Constipation: Infant

This Helping Hand explains how infants with constipation can be treated.

Cradle Cap

Read more about what causes cradle cap and what you can do to treat it. 

Croup

 Croup can cause a barky cough or hoarse voice and is usually worse at night. Care for your child with croup with this Helping Hand.

Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It is not contagious. CF affects the digestive system and the glands in the lungs that produce mucus. It also affects the glands that produce sweat and saliva. 

Dehydration

Prevent your child from getting dehydrated with this Helping Hand.

Diabetes: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I)

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, also known as type 1 diabetes, usually starts before 15 years of age, but can occur in adults also. Diabetes involves the pancreas gland, which is located behind the stomach.

Diabetes: Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (KEY toe as i DOE sis), also known as DKA, is a serious complication of diabetes.

Diabetes: Type 2

Type 2 diabetics may produce some insulin but not enough, or else the body does not recognize the insulin. If your child has Type 2 diabetes, his body either does not make enough insulin or his body cannot properly use the insulin it makes.

Diaper Dermatitis (Diaper Rash)

Diaper rash happens when urine and bowel movements irritate your baby’s skin. This Helping Hand will teach you how to prevent and treat diaper rash.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common problem of young children. Diarrhea may be caused by a serious illness, but usually it is only the result of a minor infection.

Distal Radius Buckle (Torus) Fracture

This fracture is a common injury in children. It is often caused from falling on the hand. 

Ear Infections (Otitis Media)

Otitis media (oh-TIE-tis ME-dee-uh) means the middle ear is infected or inflamed. It is the most common reason for young children to visit their primary care provider. Ear infections are usually seen in children less than three years of age, but anyone of any age can get an ear infection.

Early Puberty in Boys

Care for your son who is going through early puberty with this Helping Hand.

Early Puberty in Girls

Puberty is the time when girls’ bodies and minds mature and they grow into young women. This usually starts when a girl is about 10 years old. Sometimes, though, a much younger girl starts to show the signs of puberty. This is called precocious (pre-KOH-shuss), or early puberty (PU-ber-ty).

Eczema

Care for your child that has eczema with this Helping Hand.

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome with Associated Bleeding Disorders

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects mainly the skin and joints. A person is born with EDS.

Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a rare form of MD that affects only males. Symptoms may begin in childhood or adolescence. The condition causes slowly progressive (worsening) weakness in the muscles of the shoulders, upper arms, and lower legs and joint stiffness (contractures).

Enterovirus D68 Infographic

View an easy to read infographic that teaches you everything you need to know about Enterovirus D68.

Enuresis (Bedwetting)

Enuresis is the medical term for wetting the bed. It means a child urinates without meaning to.

EPT Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. Learn more about this condition.

EPT Trichomoniasis

Learn more about one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, Trichomoniasis.

Ewing's Sarcoma

Ewing sarcoma is a form of cancer that usually starts in the bone. It is the second most common tumor of the bone.

Eye Injury Corneal Abrasion

An abrasion is an injury caused by something scratching or rubbing the surface of the eye. Trauma is the most common cause of corneal abrasion.

Facial Re-animation

Sometimes children are born without a facial nerve. More commonly, a child's facial nerve is damaged from an injury or during a surgical procedure such as tumor removal.

Failure to Thrive In Infants

Failure to Thrive (FTT) describes an infant or child who does not gain weight at the expected rate.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

Familial adenomatous polyposis, is an inherited colorectal cancer syndrome that can be passed from one generation to the next by a specific error or mutation in the genetic code of the APC gene.

Febrile Seizures

Febrile seizures are brief and brought on by a fever. They do not cause brain damage, but they can be very upsetting to parents.

Fever

Manage your child's fever with this Helping Hand.

Fifth Disease

Fifth disease is a mild illness caused by a virus. Symptoms include a blotchy rash that begins on the cheeks and spreads to the arms, legs and torso.

Flu

Learn more about the flu in this Helping Hand.

Folliculitis

This rash appears as small red bumps or pus bumps that can itch or be mildly painful.

Food Poisoning

When people eat tainted food, they can develop anything from a mild illness to a serious disease.  Learn what to look for in food poisoning. 

Frostbite

Frostbite is damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by the cold. Rain, snow, water and wind can cause the skin to cool faster and may lead to frostbite.

Ganglion Cysts

A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump under the skin. It is often found over a joint or in a tendon in the hand or wrist.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Infants

Care for your child with GERDS with these helpful hints. 

Gastroschisis

Gastroschisis is a defect in the abdominal wall. Part of the intestine is outside of the baby's body, rather than inside the abdomen.

Genital Warts (HPV Infection)

Genital warts are skin-colored, cauliflower-like, painless growths. They are caused by the Human Papilloma Virus.

Genital Warts in Babies and Children

In adolescents and adults, genital warts are often spread by sexual contact. However, young children often get them in other ways.

Gonorrhea

This Helping Hand will teach you about gonnorhea and how to treat it. 

Granuloma Annulare

Granuloma annulare is common, but no one knows what causes it. It is not infectious or contagious.

Graves' Disease

Graves’ disease is the most common kind of hyperthyroidism. It happens when a person’s immune system acts against his or her thyroid gland by mistake.

H1N1 (Influenza Virus)

Children under 5 years of age and young adults are at greater risk of illness from this virus. This is different from seasonal flu which usually is most severe in children younger than 2 years and the elderly.

Hand Eczema

Hand eczema can be chronic and hard to treat. It is more common in people who have a history of eczema on other parts of their bodies.

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

This is a mild illness; symptoms usually go away without treatment in 5 to 7 days. Most outbreaks occur in the summer and fall.

Head Injury-Concussion

In this Helping Hand, learn more about head-injury concussions.

Head Injury-Inpatient

In this Helping Hand, learn more about inpatient head injuries.

Head Injury-Mild

In this Helping Hand, learn more about mild head injuries.

Head Lice

Lice are usually spread from child to child when sharing clothing, hats, scarves, combs, brushes, hair trims or helmets that have strands of hair with nits.

Headaches in Children

A headache is one of the most common complaints of children and teenagers. Fussiness, crankiness and not being able to sleep may be the only signs of head pain in children who are too young to tell you where they hurt. There are many different types of headaches.

Hemangioma

A hemangioma is a common vascular birthmark, made of extra blood vessels in the skin. It is a benign growth.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia is an inherited blood disorder. In hemophilia, a blood clotting factor is missing.

Hemophilia Carrier

A hemophilia carrier is a female who has the gene that causes hemophilia A or hemophilia B deficiency.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is caused by a virus found in feces, contaminated water and food that has been handled by infected persons

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is caused by a virus found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva. It is mainly spread through unprotected sexual activity or exposure to blood.

Hereditary Non-polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, often called HNPCC or Lynch Syndrome, is an inherited cancer syndrome that affects the digestive tract, reproductive tract and other major organs.

Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a virus that causes infections. It is very contagious. There are two types of this virus. One type (HSV-1) usually causes sores around the lips or inside the mouth that are sometimes called fever blisters or cold sores.

HiB Vaccine

Hidradenitis Supperativa (HS)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (hy drah duh NY tiss supp yoo ruh TY vuh) or HS is a long-term (chronic) skin condition. Plugged pores and red, tender bumps or boils begin deep in the skin around hair follicles that contain specific sweat glands called apocrine glands.

Hirschsprung Disease (HD)

Hirschsprung (HERSH prung) disease (HD), affects the part of the bowel also known as the large intestine, or the colon. It can affect the entire colon and part of the small intestine, but this is rare. With HD, the colon did not form the nerves needed for it to work as it should.

HIV Infection/AIDS

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that causes a number of different health problems including AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The HIV virus is passed from person to person in certain ways: Sexual contact (heterosexual and homosexual) Contact with blood from an infected

Hives

Hives, also called urticaria (yer-ti-CARE-ee-uh) or welts, are red, very itchy swollen areas of the skin. About 1 out of every 5 people has hives at some time in his life. Hives often appear suddenly and in groups.

Hodgkins Lymphoma

Hodgkins Lymphoma (also known as Hodgkin’s Disease) is a form of cancer of the lymphatic (lim FA tik) system. The cause of Hodgkin Lymphoma is not known. The lymphatic system is a part of the circulatory system. It plays a main role in fighting infection.

Hyperhidrosis

Sweating (or perspiration) is a normal body function that helps to maintain the body temperature and prevent overheating. An increased, unusual amount of sweating is called hyperhidrosis (hie purr hie DROH sis). This is common, but can be embarrassing and frustrating.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism (hi po THI roid izm) happens when the body does not make enough thyroid hormone. As a result, many body functions slow down. Under active thyroid is the most common thyroid problem. Sometimes hypothyroidism is caused by our own immune system.

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Platelets are a kind of blood cell. These cells help the blood to clot after a person gets cut or bruised. The normal platelet count is between 150,000 and 450,000. A child with immune (ih MUNE)thrombocytopenia (THROM bow site oh PEE nia), or ITP, may have a platelet count of less than 1,000.

Increased Intracranial Pressure

Increased intracranial (in-tra-CRANE-ee-al) pressure (ICP) means greater than normal pressure on the brain. It results from a greater volume of fluid or swelling of the brain.

Influenza

nfluenza (in flu EN za), also known as “the flu,” is an illness caused by a virus. A child who has the flu may have some or all of these symptoms: High fever Headache Dry cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle aches Tiredness Stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea In some people, the

Intussusception (Inpatient)

Intussusception (In-TUSS-uh-SEP-shun) is a blockage of the intestines. It happens when one part of the intestine folds into another part. In most cases the cause is not known. It may occur any time between 3 months and 5 years of age, but is more common in children younger than 18 months.

Intussusception (Outpatient)

Intussusception (In-TUSS-uh-SEP-shun) is a blockage of the intestines. It happens when one part of the intestine folds into another part. In most cases the cause is not known. It may occur any time between 3 months and 5 years of age, but is more common in children younger than 18 months.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine (colon). Symptoms are caused by changes in how the GI tract works. IBS is a group of symptoms that occur together, not a disease.

Jaundice

Jaundice (JOHN-diss) is also called hyperbilirubinemia (HI-per-bil-ee-roo-bin-EE-mee-ah). It means that there is a high level of bilirubin (BIL-ee-rue-bin) in the blood. This is a yellow pigment that settles in body tissues and can make your baby's skin look yellow.

Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome (JPS)

Juvenile polyposis syndrome is an inherited condition that is characterized by the development of hamartomatous polyps throughout the digestive tract.

Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki  Disease, although rare, is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in the United States and Japan. More than 80% of the children who get it are younger than 5 years of age. It is more common in boys and in Asians and Asian-Americans.

Keratosis Pilaris

Keratosis pilaris (ker uh TOH siss pill AIR iss) is a dry skin type. It looks like dry, rough, small bumps that are flesh-colored or pink and can feel like sandpaper or chicken skin. It is usually not itchy.

Laryngomalacia (Laryngeal Stridor)

Laryngomalacia (LAYR inn go mah LAY shah) is also called laryngeal stridor. It results from a weakness of parts of the voice box (larynx) that is present at birth. This condition can cause a high-pitched sound called stridor (STRI der). You may hear this sound when your child breathes in.

Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)

Tuberculosis (too ber cu LOW sis), or TB, is the common name for a germ called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Persons with latent TB infection (LTBI) do not feel sick. They do not have any symptoms but can potentially develop active TB disease. Also, persons with LTBI are not contagious.

Leukemia

Although childhood cancer is rare, leukemia is the most common form. The cause of leukemia is not known, but we do know it is not contagious (“catching”). It is not thought to be hereditary (inherited from your parents).

Lichen Planus

Lichen planus (LIE kun PLAY nuss) is a rash that appears on the skin as shiny, flat bumps.The bumps may be clustered together in patches or dispersed (scattered far apart). They can be red or purple in color. The rash may be itchy.

Lichen Striatus

Lichen striatus (LY kuhn stry AY tuhs) is a rash that appears as pink or lightly-colored, scaly, flat bumps. Over the following weeks, these bumps come together to form a line or band on the skin. Sometimes the rash can appear inflamed or redder, with a thicker scale.

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy

Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy affects males and females. Most commonly it causes progressive (worsening) hip and shoulder muscle weakness that spreads to the arms, legs, and back. Symptoms usually begin between 8 and 15 years of age, and progress slowly.

Liver Disease

Liver disease occurs in children for a variety of reasons. Babies may have problems with inherited disease, despite having healthy parents. Congenital problems where the bile ducts don’t develop normally may also cause problems in babies.

Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is caused by ticks and is spread to humans through the bite of infected ticks. The ticks that carry Lyme disease are very small and hard to see - only as big as a sesame seed. Boys ages 5 to 19 are most at risk for Lyme disease but anyone can get it.

Mallet Finger

Mallet finger is an injury to the end of the finger. It is sometimes also called “baseball finger.” It occurs when an object (most often a ball) hits the tip of the finger. This forcibly bends the fingertip further than it should go. This causes damage to the extensor tendon.

Measles

Measles, also known as rubeola, is a disease caused by a virus. Measles spreads easily from person to person when someone coughs or sneezes. The disease usually develops about 14 days after a person is exposed to it.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the meninges. These are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.

Menstruation

Menstruation is a very normal and natural part of growing up and becoming a woman. Your body is going through many physical and emotional changes right now, and menstruation is just one part of these changes.

Migraine Headaches

Migraine headaches occur when there are changes in some of the nerves and blood vessels and are common in children.

Moles

Moles are areas of the skin where there are more cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells in the body that produce pigment, or color.

Molluscum

Molluscum are smooth, pearly, skin-colored, benign bumps on the skin. They begin as small bumps and they may grow as large as a pencil eraser.

Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis is an illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). “Mono,” as it is sometimes called, is contagious and can be passed from person to person through the saliva.

Mosquito-Borne Diseases

Mosquito-borne diseases are spread to people and animals by the bite of an infected mosquito.

Mouth Sores

Viruses are tiny germs that can cause mouth sores as well as other illnesses. Some mouth sores are caused by the herpes virus; one of the germs that cause cold sores or fever blisters.

MRSA Infection in the Community (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)

Staphylococcus aureus often simply called "staph," are common bacteria. In the United States, staph germs are some of the most common causes of skin infections.

Mumps

Mumps is an illness caused by a virus. The virus is spread through saliva, so you can catch mumps from being around someone who already has it.

Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy

Myotonic muscular dystrophy, also known as MMD or Steinert’s disease, is the most common form of MD in adults.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease of the bowel (intestine) of newborn infants.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a condition that starts at birth when an infant’s mother has used drugs (legal or illegal) or alcohol during her pregnancy.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome happens when protein passes from the kidneys into the urine through tiny filters in the kidneys. When this happens, there is too little protein in the blood.

Nevus Sebaceous

A nevus sebaceous is a type of birthmark that usually appears on the scalp. It may also appear on the face but this is less common. It is made of extra oil glands in the skin.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts in the lymphatic tissue in the body. There are 2 major forms of NHL: lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Nosebleeds

Most nosebleeds are a nuisance, but they can be frightening. Bleeding from the nose can happen easily because the blood vessels and tissues of the nose are very delicate.

Nursemaid's Elbow

Nursemaid’s elbow is a partial dislocation at the elbow joint. Nursemaid’s elbow is also known as a radial head subluxation.

Obstructed Mullerian Duct Anomalies

Obstructed mullerian duct anomalies are defects in the development of the reproductive system that are present in a female baby before birth.

Omphalocele

In normal development before birth, the intestines are formed in a sac around the umbilical cord, and then move into the baby's body. If the intestines stay in the sac (and do not move into the baby’s body) it is called an omphalocele.

Ovarian Cyst and Torsion

An ovarian cyst s a fluid filled sac in or on the surface of an ovary. It often forms during or after ovulation.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that is formed during fetal growth to provide blood flow between two of the major arteries in the baby’s body while in the womb.

Pavlik Harness

Does your child wear a pavlik harness? This Helping Hand can aid you in day to day activities with your child in a pavlik harness.

Pediatric Obesity

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends using body mass index (BMI) to screen for overweight children beginning at age 2 and through age 19.

Pediatric Trigger Thumb

Pediatric trigger thumb (PTT) is also called a flexion contracture of the IP joint. The thumb gets stuck in a bent (flexed) position.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection in the uterus, the fallopian tubes or the ovaries.

Perioral Dermatitis

Perioral dermatitis is a dry or bumpy rash that can occur around the mouth, the nose, and the eyes. It can be red and scaly at times. Perioral dermatitis is not contagious (cannot be spread from person to person).

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)

Another term for high blood pressure is hypertension. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a life-threatening condition. With PPHN the baby does not change over from fetal to normal newborn circulation.

Pertussis

Whooping cough is another name for pertussis; an infection of the respiratory tract caused by bacteria. It can occur at any age, but is most common and severe in infants and children younger than 4 years old who have not been immunized.

Peutz Jeghers Syndrome (PJS)

Two findings make up Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: intestinal hamartomatous polyps and blue/black freckling or macules that can be seen on the lips, mouth, nostrils, hands, feet and genitalia.

Pinworms: Treatment and Prevention

Pinworms are small white worms about 1/2 inch long and as thin as a thread. They can sometimes be seen in and around the child's bowel movements. These worms live in the large intestine.

Pityriasis Rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a common skin problem in children and young adults. It often begins with a large scaly lesion called the “herald patch.”

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a lung infection. It is usually caused by a virus or bacteria. These germs make the air sacs in the lungs fill with fluid (phlegm or mucous) .

Poison Ivy Poison Oak and Poison Sumac

Poison Ivy, Poison Oak and Poison Sumac are plants that can cause a rash after contact with the sap of the plant.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common problem in women that begins in the teenage years. It is an imbalance of hormones (chemical messengers) in the brain and ovaries.

Polydactyly

Polydactyly refers to extra fingers or toes (digits) that are present at birth.

Positional Plagiocephaly (Flattened Head)

Positional plagiocephaly is a flat area on the back or on one side of your baby’s head that does not go away on its own.

Precocious (Early) Puberty in Girls

Puberty is the time when girls’ bodies and minds mature and they grow into young women. This usually starts when a girl is about 10 years old. Sometimes, though, a much younger girl starts to show the signs of puberty.

Pregnancy: Issues and Answers

Access basic information about what you may be feeling, your choices, and what you can expect from prenatal care.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis (sore-EYE-uh-sis) is a common skin problem that looks like pink or red areas of skin topped with white or silvery scaly patches.

Psychogenic Non Epileptic Events

Psychogenic non-epileptic events are behavioral episodes that look like real epileptic seizures.

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

Pulmonary hypertension is a rare lung disease in which the blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries are high.

Pyogenic Granuloma

A pyogenic granuloma (pie uh JENN ik gran yuh LOH muh) or PG is a vascular (blood vessel) growth. It usually appears after an area of skin that has been injured.

Respiratory Distress

Respiratory distress describes many of the symptoms related to breathing problems. There can be many causes of respiratory distress in children, but usually it’s caused by infections, chronic illness or a blocked airway.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Newborn

RDS stands for "respiratory distress syndrome." It is the most common lung disease in premature infants and it occurs because the baby’s lungs are not fully developed. The more premature the infant, the more likely it is for the baby to have RDS.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

RSV stands for respiratory syncytial virus. Each year thousands of babies must stay in the hospital because of RSV.

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of Prematurity (re tin OP uh thee of pree mah TURE i tee), also known as ROP, is an eye problem for which premature babies are at high risk.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Rhabdomyosarcoma (rab-doe-my-oh-sar-KOE-mah), or RMS, is a soft-tissue cancer. It can start in muscle cells (rhabdomyoblasts) from many different areas of the body.

Ringworm

Ringworm is another name for tinea corporis. It is an infection of the skin caused by a fungus (a plant which is too small to see.)

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a disease caused by the Rickettsia bacteria. This bacteria is most commonly carried by dog ticks.

Roseola

Roseola (ROSE–ee-OH-lah) is a common childhood illness caused by a virus. It usually affects children age 6 months to 3 years but can occur in children somewhat younger or older.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus (ROE-tuh-vie-russ) is a contagious illness caused by a virus.

Rubella

Rubella, also known as German measles, is an illness caused by a virus.

Scabies

Scabies is a skin condition caused by a mite.

Seizure Care

Activity in the brain is controlled by electrical impulses. If these electrical signals are not sent in the right order or at the proper rate, seizures can occur.

Seizures Generalized

Seizures occur when nerve cells in the brain send out sudden, excessive, uncontrolled electrical signals. Generalized seizures occur when nerve cells in both sides of the brain are involved at the same time

Seizures: Focal (Partial)

Seizures occur when nerve cells in the brain send out sudden, excessive, uncontrolled electrical signals. Focal seizures occur when nerve cells in a part of the brain are involved.

Sever's Disease

Sever’s disease is a painful condition of the heel that occurs in growing children. It happens when the tendon that attaches to the back of the heel (the Achilles tendon) pulls on the growth plate (the apophysis) of the bone of the heel (the calcaneus).

Seymour Fractures

Seymour (SEE moor) fractures are usually the result of a crush injury. This often happens during sports, such as when a ball hits the end of the finger. The joint nearest the end of the finger is hurt as well as the nail.

Shaken Baby Syndrome

Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) is a form of child abuse. SBS happens when an infant is violently shaken, usually by the arms, shoulders, or legs.

Shingles

Shingles is an infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox.

Short Bowel Syndrome

Short bowel syndrome is exactly what the name sounds like - a condition in which the bowel is too short generally due to surgical resection.

Sickle Cell Disease

Have you been tested for Sickle Cell Disease? If not, you can ask your doctor for blood tests called “Hemoglobin Electrophoresis and CBC”.

Sickle Cell Disease and Spleen Crisis (Splenic Sequestration)

Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder. Children are born with the condition. It affects a part of the red blood cell called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen to different parts of the body.

Sickle Cell Trait

“Trait” is a word used to describe a person who has inherited one abnormal gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent. A person with sickle cell trait inherits one gene to make normal hemoglobin (A) and another gene to make some sickle cell hemoglobin (S).

Sleep Terrors and Sleepwalking

Sleep terrors and sleepwalking are related disorders of sleep that usually go away by adolescence. They usually happen within 1 to 2 hours after the child has fallen asleep. The sleep terror or sleepwalking may last a few minutes to an hour. Sleep terrors are different from nightmares.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip disorder that involves the epiphysis (eh PIFF I siss). This is the growing portion or ball on the top part of the femur (thigh bone).

Sore Throat

Most sore throats are caused by viruses. A virus is a tiny germ that can cause illness. If your child has a sore throat, the doctor may swab the throat to take a sample of the mucus at the back of the throat.

Staphylococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

Staphylococcus-Scalded Skin Syndrome (STAFF lo cok us SKAWL did skin SIN drome), also known as Scalded Skin Syndrome, SSSS, or Ritter’s Disease, is a skin infection caused by a bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This infection produces a toxin that can affect skin all over the body.

Strep Throat

"Strep throat" means a sore throat caused by bacteria called streptococci (strep-toe-KAW-ki). Antibiotic medicine must be given as soon as possible to prevent these germs from causing kidney or heart problems (rheumatic fever) or possibly causing kidney problems (glomerulonephritis).

Strokes in Children

A stroke is a brain injury caused by lack of blood flow in a brain artery. A stroke can result from abnormal blood clots, heart problems, changes in blood vessels or injury to blood vessels. Sometimes strokes lead to bleeding in the brain. Strokes can happen to people of any age.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) not only affects young athletes, but can affect healthy children and adolescents who do not participate in organized athletic activity.

Swallowing Disorders

A swallowing disorder can result in aspiration or food “going down the wrong pipe”.  Aspiration can place a child at a higher risk for respiratory/pulmonary issues.

Syncope in Children

Syncope (SIN ko pee) is the medical word that means fainting.

Syphilis

Syphilis (SIF-i-lis) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) 

Thrush

Thrush is an infection caused by a fungus called Candida (CAN-did-ah). Thrush in the mouth begins as tiny flat white spots. 

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

The thyroglossal duct cyst is typically noticed as an area of fullness or a lump in the midline of the neck, usually just above the voice box.

Tinea Capitis

Tinea capitis (TIN-ee-uh CAP-i-tis) is an infection of the scalp (head) which is caused by a fungus. It is also called ringworm. (This is not caused by a worm.) 

Tinea Pedis

Tinea pedis (tin EE uh PEE duss) is a very common fungal infection on the skin of the feet. It is usually called athlete’s foot.

Tinea Versicolor

Tinea versicolor (TIN ee uh VUHR sih kuhl er) is a common rash caused by the overgrowth of microscopic yeast on the skin's surface. The rash looks like small, scaly spots. 

Tongue Tie

While up to 10 percent of children can have some degree of tongue tie, not all children with tongue tie require intervention.

Tracheomalacia

Tracheomalacia (tray key oh mah LAY she ah) means that the walls of a child’s windpipe (trachea) collapse (fall in on themselves). 

Traumatic Brain Injury

A traumatic brain injury can affect a child in several ways. Your child may have a few, many or none of these effects. Here are answers to many of the questions that parents ask. Behavior Changes in a child’s behavior are common after a head injury.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis (trick-o-moe-NYE-ah-sis), is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI). It is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection can happen to both men and women. It is passed during sexual contact with an infected person.

Turner Syndrome (Genetic Disorder)

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects females.

Upper Respiratory Infections (Colds)

The common cold is a respiratory infection caused by a virus. It affects the child's nose and throat (Picture 1). Antibiotics do not work against a virus. It may take 3 to 14 days for your child to get well.

Urinary Tract Infection: Prevention

How to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection

Vaginal Discharge

As you grow up, you may notice a discharge from your vagina during the time between your menstrual periods. It is normal for all women to have some vaginal discharge. The amount, color and thickness of this discharge are different for each woman.

Vertigo in Children

Vertigo (VER ti go) is the medical word for the feeling of spinning. Your child may feel like the world is moving, but there is no movement. These feelings come and go.

Volar Plate Injuries

A volar plate injury is commonly called a “jammed finger” or “sprain.” 

Warts

There are many types of warts.Learn how to prevent and treat warts.

Wilms' Tumor

The kidneys are organs that filter waste products from the blood and create urine. Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) is a cancerous tumor of the kidney. It is thought to be caused by abnormal genes. The tumor may occur at any age, but it is most common in children 1 to 5 years of age.

Zika Virus

Zika (ZEE ka) is a disease caused by the Zika Virus. A person becomes infected by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito or by having unprotected sex with an infected person. Infection during pregnancy has been shown to be linked to birth defects in babies.

Zoonoses

Zoonoses (zoo NO seez) are infections that people can get from animals. Children with compromised immune systems are at higher risk for these infections. This includes those on chemotherapy or radiation, or who have had bone marrow transplants.