Sports Medicine: Vertebral Compression Fracture
A vertebral compression fracture happens when the backbone (vertebra) breaks by being squeezed. This is seen most often in older people who have osteoporosis (Ost-E-O-Puh-Roh-Sis), but can happen in young athletes. In athletes it happens when a strong force pushes the vertebrae together, causing the body of the vertebra to collapse. This is most often seen in the thoracic (torso) or lumbar (low back) spine.
Signs and Symptoms
- sudden onset of back pain – common in the mid or low back
- numbness, tingling, or weakness in one or both legs
- an increase of pain with standing or walking
- loss of height or bent posture with a hunched back over time
Increased Risk
- adults over age 65
- collision sports (football, ice hockey, lacrosse)
Treatment
- Medicine
- Anti-inflammatory medicines, such as ibuprofen (Motrin® or Advil®) or naproxen (Aleve®) may be recommended. Take these as directed by your health care provider.
- Other minor pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®).
- Use of cold and heat
- Cold should be applied for 10 to 15 minutes every 2 to 3 hours for swelling and after any activity that makes symptoms worse. Use ice packs or an ice massage.
- Heat may be used before performing stretching, and strengthening activities prescribed by your health care provider or athletic trainer. Use a heat pack or warm soak. Apply for 10 to 15 minutes.
- Braces
- A back brace may be prescribed to help with pain control and support.
- Exercises
- Exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and proper body mechanics are important. These can be done at home, but often a referral to a physical therapist or athletic trainer may be advised by your health care provider.
How to Prevent
- Build strong bones with plenty of calcium and vitamin D.
- Obtain a bone density test if at risk for osteoporosis.
- Use proper sports and lifting techniques.
- Maintain proper conditioning, flexibility, muscle strength, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness.
- Complete the entire course of exercises after injury before returning to practice or competition.
When to Call the Health Care Provider
Call your health care provider or the Sports Medicine team at (614) 355-6000 if:
- symptoms get worse after 2 weeks, even with treatment
- you lose control of bowels or bladder
- new, unexplained symptoms develop
Sports Medicine: Vertebral Compression Fracture (PDF)
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