Conditions We Treat

Talking to Your Child About Gun Violence at School

Your child may come right out and ask you questions about gun violence. While it may catch you off guard, this is an opportunity to let them express their feelings.

Teens and Diabetes Mellitus

Detailed information on special considerations for teens with diabetes.

Tennis Elbow

Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) is a painful inflammation of the bony bump on the outside of your elbow.

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors

There are three kinds of tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCTs). One type grows in the tissue that lines the joints (synovium). The second kind grows in the area that cushions the joints and tendons (bursa). The third type grows in the lining around the tendons (tendon sheath).

Teratogens

Detailed information on teratogens and non-teratogenic agents

Testicular Cancer

Tetanus in Children

Tetanus is a severe illness of the central nervous system caused by bacteria. Learn about the causes, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, prevention, and more.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that is made up of 4 problems and results in not enough blood flow to the lungs.

The Dying Process (Child)

Understanding the physical and mental changes the body goes through as death happens may help ease some fears and misconceptions about death.

The Growing Child

Detailed information on the growth and development of a child

The Growing Child- Teenager (13 to 18 Years)

The teen years are a time of growth spurts, puberty changes, and emotional and social development. Here's what you need to know.

The Growing Child: 1 to 3 Months

A helpful look at common developmental milestones in young babies.

The Growing Child: 10 to 12 Months

Read on to learn about the common developmental milestones for babies ages 10 to 12 months.

The Growing Child: 1-Year-Olds

Your child is a toddler now and very active! They can climb stairs while holding on and play with push and pull toys.

The Growing Child: 2-Year-Olds

Read on to learn details about common physical, speech, and other developmental milestones your child may reach at this age.

The Growing Child: 3-Year-Olds

Most 3-year-olds have lost the rounded tummy of a toddler. Your child can use a spoon well and can wash and dry their hands.

The Growing Child: 4 to 6 Months

This age is very social, and babies begin moving in much more purposeful ways.

The Growing Child: 7 to 9 Months

Read on to learn about common physical, speech, and other developmental milestones to expect when your baby is this age.

The Growing Child: Newborn

A helpful look at what to expect with your newborn—from your baby's growth and reflexes to crying and emotional development.

The Growing Child: Preschool (4 to 5 Years)

Children at this age start to understand concepts and can compare abstract ideas. Read on to learn what to expect.

The Growing Child: School-Age (6 to 12 Years)

Although friendships become more important at this age, children are still fond of their parents and like being part of a family. Read on to learn more.

The Immune System

Detailed information on the immune system and how it works.

The Kidneys

Detailed anatomical description of the kidneys

The Liver

Detailed anatomical description of the liver and liver transplantation in children

The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

NICUs provide specialized care for the tiniest patients. NICUs may also have intermediate or continuing care areas for babies who are not as sick but do need specialized nursing care.

The New Mother: Taking Care of Yourself After Birth

You will need plenty of rest, good nutrition, and help during the first few weeks after your baby is born.

The Pediatrics Orthopedic Team

Detailed information on each member of the pediatric orthopedic treatment team.

The Surgical Team for Children

Most surgical teams include a surgeon, an anesthesiologist, a nurse anesthetist, and an operating room nurse. The number of team members differs depending on the type of surgery performed.

Thermal Burns

Thermal Injuries

Detailed information on thermal injuries in children

Thigh and Hip Strains

A strain of the thigh/hip is a stretching or tearing of a muscle and is commonly referred to as a “pulled muscle.”

Third-Degree Burn in Children

A burn is damage to tissues of the body caused by contact with things such as heat, radiation, or chemicals. A third-degree burn damages the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and the inner layer of skin (dermis). A child with a third-degree burn needs immediate medical care.

Thrombocytopenia in the Newborn

Thrombocytopenia means that a newborn baby has too few platelets in their blood. Platelets are blood cells that help the blood clot. They are made in the bone marrow.

Thrombophilia

Thrush and Yeast Infections

Thrush is an infection caused by a fungus called candida. Thrush can affect a child's mouth or diaper area. Oral thrush begins as flat white spots and come together to form patches. These spots are often mistaken for "milk patches." Candida in the diaper area can cause a red rash with tiny blisters.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A thyroglossal duct cyst is typically noticed as an area of fullness or a lump in the midline of the neck, usually just above the voice box.

Tilt Table Test for Children

The tilt table test is done to find the cause of fainting (syncope). Tilt table testing is done with a special table or bed that changes a child's position from lying to standing. Their blood pressure and heart rate are checked while they're in the different positions.

Tinea Pedis

This Helping Hand™ is about athlete's foot (tinea pedis) a common foot infection caused by a fungus. 

Tinea Versicolor

Tinea versicolor (TIN ee uh VUHR sih kuhl er) is a common rash caused by the overgrowth of microscopic yeast on the skin's surface. The rash looks like small, scaly spots.

Tongue Tie

Tongue tie, or ankyloglossia, is a condition in which your child’s tongue is tethered to the floor of the mouth by a band (lingual frenulum). While up to 10 percent of children can have some degree of tongue tie, not all children with tongue tie require intervention.

Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis refers to inflammation or infection of the tonsils. Treatment of tonsillitis typically requires a course of antibiotics.

Tooth Decay in Children

Tooth decay is the breakdown of tooth enamel. Enamel is the hard outer surface of a tooth. Tooth decay can lead to cavities.

Toothache (Pulpitis) in Children

A toothache means that the pulp inside a tooth is inflamed and infected. The pulp is the soft part inside the tooth that has blood vessels and nerves.

Topic Index - Care of the Terminally Ill Child

Detailed information on care of the terminally ill child

Topic Index - Common Childhood Injuries and Poisonings

Detailed information on the common poisonings and injuries of children

Topic Index - Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders

Detailed information on genitourinary and kidney disorders in children

Topic Index - Growth and Development

Detailed information on proper health maintenance for a child

Topic Index - High-Risk Pregnancy

Detailed information on high-risk pregnancy

Topic Index - Normal Newborn

Detailed information on newborn care

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a condition where the blood vessels in the lungs, called the pulmonary veins, are not attached to the heart in the right place. Because of this, the body can’t get enough oxygen.

Tourette Syndrome in Children

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder that causes repeated tics. Tics are sudden, uncontrolled vocal sounds or muscle jerks. Symptoms of TD often begin between ages 5 and 10. Read this to learn more about TD in children.

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening skin disorder. It causes skin blistering and peeling. Read on to learn more about this condition.

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is not only harmful to moms-to-be, but also to their unborn babies. If you haven't heard of toxoplasmosis, you'll definitely want to brush up on this new word.

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia

Tracheoesophageal fistula is a connection between the esophagus and the trachea. The esophagus is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The trachea is the tube that connects the throat to the windpipe and lungs. Normally, the esophagus and trachea are two tubes that are not connected.

Tracheomalacia (Primary and Secondary)

Tracheomalacia is characterized by collapse of the walls of the windpipe (trachea). If the collapse is due to weakness of the cartilage in the tracheal wall, it is called primary tracheomalacia. If it's due to compression by a structure outside of the windpipe, it is called secondary tracheomalacia.

Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) for Children

Echocardiography uses sound waves to make detailed moving pictures of the heart. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) uses a device, called a transducer, that is placed in the esophagus.

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a breathing problem that affects babies during the first hours of life. Transient means it is short-lived. Tachypnea means fast breathing rate. The problem often goes away on its own in about 3 days.

Translocation Down Syndrome

Detailed information on translocation Down syndrome

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

Transposition of the Great Arteries is a heart condition where arteries switch places and oxygenated blood goes back to lungs, not body. It can be treated with surgery and catheterization.

Treatment for Human Bites

Human bite wounds are more likely to become infected than dog or cat bites. A healthcare provider should check any human bite that breaks the skin.

Treatment for Skin Cancer in Children

Skin cancer in children can be treated in several ways. The best choice for your child depends on the size, place, and stage of the cancer, along with other factors.

Trichomonas

Trichomonas is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Anyone who is sexually active has a chance of getting trichomonas.

Tricuspid Atresia

Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a heart defect present at birth (congenital). It occurs when the tricuspid valve doesn’t form right during fetal heart development. This happens during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy.

Tricuspid Atresia

Tricuspid atresia, also sometimes called hypoplastic right heart, is a heart defect where the valve between the heart’s right atrium and right ventricle doesn’t form. Most babies with tricuspid atresia will need many heart surgeries over their lifetime. 

Trinucleotide Repeats: Fragile X Syndrome

Detailed information on trinucleotide repeats, including fragile X syndrome.

Trisomy 13 and Trisomy 18 in Children

Trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 are genetic problems. They include a combination of birth defects. These include severe learning problems and health problems that affect nearly every organ in the body.

Trisomy 21

Truncus Arteriosus

Truncus arteriosus is a rare heart defect where only one large blood vessel forms instead of two. It can be treated with surgery.

Turf Toe

Turf toe is an injury to the capsule and ligaments of the joint at the base of the big (first) toe. Pain is usually worst on the bottom of the foot.

Turner Syndrome

Turner Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects females. It is caused by a partial or complete loss of an X chromosome.

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Sequence

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is a rare condition that affects pregnancies with identical twins who share a placenta. TRAP occurs when one of the twins, called the acardiac twin, lacks a functioning heart and gets blood from the other twin, called the pump twin.

Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Identical twins who share one placenta may be at risk for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). The single placenta contains blood vessels going from one baby to the other. In TTTS, blood from the smaller donor twin is transferred to the larger recipient twin, causing an uneven exchange of blood.

Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Tympanic membrane perforation can be suspected with a history of ear trauma, ear tubes, frequent ear drainage or hearing loss. 

Tympanometry

Learn more about tympanometry.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is a chronic condition that occurs when your body makes little to no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is made in the pancreas and keeps blood glucose (sugar) at a normal level.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when your body makes insulin but does not know how to use it well. This is called insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that is made in the pancreas that helps glucose (sugar) get into cells and make energy. Currently, diabetes has no cure.

Types of Chromosome Abnormalities

Detailed information on the different types of chromosome abnormality

Types of Hearing Loss in Children

A look at the 3 different types of hearing loss and what causes them.

Types of Surgery for Children

Surgery doesn't always mean large incisions. Minimally invasive surgery is often used today. This uses small cuts, and allows a child to recover faster and with less pain.

Types of Visual Screening Tests for Babies and Children

Many types of vision tests can be used to check your child's ability to see. Some of them can be used at any age, and some are used based on your child's age and understanding.