Conditions We Treat

Macromastia

Macromastia refers to enlarged breasts in females. This condition may cause back and neck pain, as well as rashes and limitations with daily activities. In those situations, breast reduction surgery may be beneficial.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for Children

MRI is a procedure that uses a large magnet, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed images of organs and tissues in the body. It’s used to diagnose problems in many areas of the body.

Major Depression in Teens

Major depression goes beyond the day's normal ups and downs. It involves a teen's body, mood, and thoughts. It can affect and disrupt eating, sleeping, or thinking patterns.

Male Conditions

Detailed information on the most common male genitourinary conditions

Male Growth and Development

Detailed information on male growth and development

Male Physical Development

Detailed information on male growth and development

Malignant Teratoma

Malocclusion in Children

Malocclusion is when a child’s teeth become crooked or crowded. The child may also have a problem with their bite. That means the teeth of the upper jaw don’t meet normally with the teeth of the lower jaw when the jaw is closed.

Managing Poor Weight Gain in Your Breastfed Baby

Sometimes a breastfed baby will gain weight more slowly than they should. Read on to learn some helpful tips on how to deal with this.

Marfan Syndrome

Marfan Syndrome is an inherited disorder of connective tissue caused by genetic mutations that result in the dysregulation of the proteins of the extracellular matrix (fibrillin). The diagnosis is based on signs, family history, and results of diagnostic tests.

Marfan Syndrome in Children

Marfan syndrome is a genetic  disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue holds the body's cells, organs, and other tissue together. Connective tissue is also important in growth and development.

Mastoiditis in Children

Mastoiditis is a complication of a middle ear infection. Read on to learn more about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Maternal and Fetal Infections

In pregnancy, infections are a common complication—but women may not have obvious symptoms, or they may show different symptoms of an infection.

Maternal and Fetal Infections Overview

Treating maternal and fetal infections can be tricky during pregnancy. Learn more about these infections.

Maternal and Fetal Testing

Women with high-risk pregnancies often need a close watch for potential problems or complications. Many tests and procedures are available to monitor the health of both mother and baby.

Maternal and Fetal Testing Overview

Many tests and procedures are available to keep track of the health of both you and your baby. Many of these pose little or no risk.

Maternal Nutrition and Breastfeeding

People who are breastfeeding should eat a well-balanced, varied diet and drink enough liquids. Read on for more details.

Maternity Leave

The length of time given for a paid maternity leave of absence varies among companies. Some women extend their maternity leaves by taking additional weeks of unpaid leave.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKH) is a rare condition that affects girls and women. It means they are born without a fully developed uterus or vagina.

Measles (Rubeola) in Children

Measles (rubeola) is a respiratory illness caused by a virus. It causes a red, blotchy rash. It’s a very contagious illness.

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine

The MMR vaccine is given in 2 doses--at 12 to 15 months and at 4 to 6 years, or at least 1 month after the first dose.

Meckel Diverticulum

Meckel diverticulum is a small pouch in the wall of the intestine. It’s near where the small and large intestines meet. This condition is the most common birth defect of the digestive system. It happens to about 1 in 50 babies.

Meconium Aspiration

Meconium aspiration happens when a newborn breathes in a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid is the liquid that surrounds the baby in the womb. Meconium is the baby's first stool, or poop, which is sticky, thick, and dark green. It is typically passed in the womb during early pregnancy and again in the first few days after birth.

Medical Genetics: Chromosome Studies

When a chromosome is abnormal, it can cause health problems in the body. Tests called studies can look at chromosomes to see what type of problem a person has.

Medical Genetics: DNA Studies for Single Gene Defects

To look for single gene defects, healthcare providers look at the DNA to see if it has any errors in it. Errors are known as mutations.

Medical Genetics: Getting Genetic Services for Your Child

Genetic services are programs that help support families and children with genetic disorders.

Medical Genetics: How Chromosome Abnormalities Happen

Chromosome problems usually happen as a result of an error when cells divide.

Medical Genetics: How Genetic Testing Is Used

Genetic testing can help find diseases that run in a family or don't yet have symptoms.

Medical Genetics: Mosaicism

Mosaicism is when a person has 2 or more genetically different sets of cells in his or her body.

Medical Genetics: Multifactorial Inheritance

Multifactorial inheritance is when more than 1 factor causes a trait or health problem, such as a birth defect or chronic illness. Genes can be 1 factor, but other things that aren't genes can play a part, too.

Medical Genetics: Teratogens

A teratogen is something that can cause or raise the risk for a birth defect in a baby. They are things that a mother may be exposed to during her pregnancy.

Medical Genetics: Treatment with Gene and Enzyme Replacement Therapy

Gene therapy is a way to change the genes a person has. Enzyme therapy treats a genetic condition by replacing a certain enzyme.

Medical Genetics: Types of Genetic Changes

Genetic changes come in 2 main types: chromosome abnormalities and single-gene defects.

Medicine Rashes in Children

Medicine rashes are the body’s reaction to a certain medicine. The type of rash that occurs depends on the type of medicine that is causing it. Rashes can range from mild to severe.

Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastomas are tumors that develop in the brain, most commonly in a region called the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located next to the brainstem and controls coordination, balance and other motor skills.

Megaloblastic Anemia in Children

Anemia is a problem in which there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. In megaloblastic anemia, the bone marrow, where the cells are formed, makes fewer cells. And the cells that are formed don’t live as long as normal.

Megaureter in Children

Megaureter is a ureter that is much wider than normal. A megaureter may not drain urine normally. This can lead to infections and kidney damage.

Melanoma

Ménière's Disease

Ménière's disease is a balance disorder caused by an abnormality found in a section of the inner ear called the labyrinth.

Meningitis in Children

Meningitis is most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection that moves into the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Meningocele

Meningococcal Infection in Children

Meningococcal infections are not common, but they can be fatal. They occur most often in late winter and early spring. Children are more often affected, but the illnesses also occur in teens and adults.

Meniscus Injuries

The meniscus are two pieces of cartilage located in the knee joint that are responsible for cushioning and adding stability to the knee.

Menkes Disease

Menkes disease, also known as Menkes syndrome, is a disorder caused by a mutation of the ATP7A gene. This gene affects how the body transports copper and maintains copper levels. Menkes disease usually causes low copper levels in blood plasma, the liver and the brain. Menkes disease occurs mostly in male infants.

Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) in Teens

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are severe, painful cramps that occur with menstruation.

Menstrual Disorders

Detailed information on the most common menstrual conditions, including premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia

Menstrual Period Disorders

Menstrual periods can be very different for different people. What is “normal” for some may not be for others. Menstrual period disorders can mean your periods are not the same length or time each month or can mean your blood flow is heavier than usual.

Metatarsus Adductus in Children

Metatarsus adductus is a common foot deformity noted at birth. It causes the front half of the child's foot (forefoot) to turn inward.

Microcephaly in Children

Microcephaly is a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than normal. It is most often present at birth (congenital). Most children with microcephaly also have a small brain and an intellectual disability. Some children with small heads have normal intelligence.

Micrognathia

Micrognathia is when the lower jaw is smaller than normal. In some cases, this can cause problems with feeding, breathing and sleeping.

Micropenis in Children

A micropenis is a penis that is smaller than normal. A penis length of less than 0.75 inches is considered micropenis.

Migraine Headaches During Pregnancy

Many women have migraine headaches while pregnant. The good news is that you don't have to give in to the pain when it strikes. Know what pain-relief choices are safest for you.

Migraines

To be diagnosed with migraines, a child needs to have at least five headaches that meet certain criteria: pain that is moderate to severe, pain that is one-sided (unilateral) or on both sides of the head (bilateral), sensitivity to light and sound, and nausea that may or may not lead to vomiting.

Milk Allergy Diet for Children

Helpful information on helping your child follow a milk-free diet, including tips for reading food labels.

Milk Production and Your High-Risk Baby

When you have a high-risk baby, you may face some challenges with milk production. Read on to learn details of what to expect, as well as helpful tips and strategies.

Minor Cuts, Scrapes, and Skin Wounds

Detailed information on minor cuts, scrapes, and skin wounds in children

Minor Injuries Overview

Children's days are filled with running, jumping, bicycling, sports, and other fun activities that keep them active and on-the-go" from morning until night. Along with the fun comes an occasional cut

Miscarriage

Miscarriage is a pregnancy loss in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. About 10% to 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage, most often in the first trimester (first 13 weeks of pregnancy). Read on to learn more.

Mitochondrial Inheritance- Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Detailed information on mitochondrial inheritance and Leber's optic atrophy.

Mold

Detailed information on mold allergy, including possible sources of mold inside and outside the home

Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes pinpoint lesions on the skin. Molluscum contagiosum is part of the pox virus family. This virus is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact.

Molluscum Contagiosum in Children

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin disease that causes small pink or skin-colored bumps on your child’s skin. It is not harmful and usually does not have any other symptoms. The virus is inside the bumps and is mildly contagious. These bumps usually clear over time.

Mononucleosis (Infectious)

Infectious mononucleosis, also known as “mono” or "the kissing disease," is an illness usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Some cases are caused by a virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV). The virus is contagious and spreads when someone comes in contact with an infected person’s saliva.

Mood Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Detailed information on the most common types of mood disorders, including major depression, manic depression (bipolar disorder), dysthymia, seasonal affective disorder, and suicide

Mood Disorders in Teens

Anyone can feel sad or depressed at times. But mood disorders are more intense. They are harder to handle than normal feelings of sadness. Read on to learn more about these types of disorders in teens.

Mosaic Down Syndrome

Detailed information on mosaic Down syndrome, including the chances for it to happen again in a family

Motor Vehicle Safety Overview

Detailed information on motor vehicle safety, including installing and using child safety seats and booster seats

Mouthguards

Mouthguards are important to help protect your child's mouth and teeth from serious injury.

MRSA Infection in Children

MRSA is an infection that can be life-threatening if it spreads from the skin to the lungs, the bloodstream, or other organs. MRSA infection can be hard to treat.

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common condition that occurs when one kidney does not develop correctly as it is forming in the womb. It is possible to end up with a non-functioning kidney full of cysts and scar tissue. The remaining kidney is usually able to take over all kidney function.

Mumps in Children

Mumps is a very contagious viral illness that infects the pair of salivary glands in front of the ears. Cases of mumps in the U.S. happen much less often since the mumps vaccine has been used.

Muscle and Joint Injuries

Detailed information on muscle and joint injuries, including prevention

Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy causes the muscles in the body to become very weak. The muscles break down and are replaced with fatty deposits over time.

Muscular Dystrophy

The muscular dystrophies, or MD, are a group of more than 30 genetic (passed down by parents) neuromuscular disorders, in which defects of muscle (not nerves) cause muscle weakness and difficulties in body movement and control.

Mushroom Poisoning in Children

Mushroom poisoning happens when a child eats a mushroom that has poisons (toxins). Here's what you need to know, from symptoms to diagnosis and treatment.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) in Children

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder that causes weakness in muscles around the body. This happens because antibodies destroy some of the places where nerves and muscles meet. It mostly affects the eyes, mouth, throat, arms, and legs.

Myasthenia Gravis and Pregnancy

Myasthenia gravis is a complex autoimmune disorder. It causes antibodies to destroy the connections between your muscles and nerves. This causes muscle weakness and tiredness.

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Myelomeningocele