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Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome in Children
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is a breathing problem. It affects some children who are obese. Poor breathing causes too much carbon dioxide and too little oxygen in the blood. This is a rare but life-threatening issue. Your child will need treatment right away.
Learn MoreObesity in Children and Teens
Obesity is when a teen has too much body fat. Obesity is a serious, long-term disease.
Learn MoreObesity in Children: How Parents Can Help
Most children become obese because of a poor diet, lack of physical activity, and other lifestyle issues. In rare cases, however, a child's excess weight may be because of a specific illness.
Learn MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common mental disorder in which “obsessions” and “compulsions” cause extreme anxiety and daily life disruptions.
Learn MoreObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Children
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. A child with OCD has obsessive thoughts that are not wanted. The thoughts are linked to fears, such as touching dirty objects.
Learn MoreObstructed Mullerian Duct Anomalies
Obstructed mullerian duct anomalies are defects in the development of the reproductive system that are present in a female baby before birth.
Learn MoreObstructive Sleep Apnea in Children
Obstructive sleep apnea is when a child briefly stops breathing while sleeping. It happens because of a blockage in the upper airway. The pause in breathing may occur many times in a night, disrupting the child’s sleep.
Learn MoreOligodendroglioma in Children
The brain is part of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS also includes the spinal cord. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue. An oligodendroglioma is a type of CNS tumor called a glioma.
Learn MoreOmphalocele
An omphalocele is a birth defect. It happens when your baby is forming during pregnancy. In this condition, some of your baby’s abdominal organs poke out (protrude) through an opening in the abdominal muscles. This area is in the umbilical cord. A clear (translucent) membrane covers the organs.
Learn MoreOmphalocele
In normal development before birth, the intestines are formed in a sac around the umbilical cord, and then move into the baby's body. If the intestines stay in the sac (and do not move into the baby’s body) it is called an omphalocele.
Learn MoreOmphalocele
An omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect that allows the intestine to remain outside the abdomen. An omphalocele can contain parts of the intestine, liver and other organs. The goal of surgery is to place the abdominal organs back into the baby’s body and repair the defect in the wall of the belly.
Learn MoreOmphalocele Repair
Treatment of an omphalocele will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.
Learn MoreOppositional Defiant Disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder is a type of disruptive behavior disorder in which children frequently defy authority with hostility, leading to serious disturbances in their daily life.
Learn MoreOppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in Children
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a type of behavior disorder. It is mostly diagnosed in childhood. Children with ODD are uncooperative, defiant, and hostile toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures.
Learn MoreOptic Gliomas
Childhood optic pathway glioma is a slow-growing brain tumor that forms along the optic nerve. Optic gliomas are the most common type of brain tumor in children under the age of 10.
Learn MoreOrthodontics/Braces for Children
Orthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on the development, prevention, and correction of irregularities of the teeth, bite, and jaws.
Learn MoreOsgood-Schlatter Disease in Children
Osgood-Schlatter disease is an overuse condition in children. It's when the tendon in a knee becomes injured and inflamed.
Learn MoreOsgood-Schlatter's Disease
Osgood-Schlatter's Disease is one of the most common causes of knee pain in active children.
Learn MoreOsteitis Pubis
Osteitis pubis (Aa-stee-ai-tuhs Pyoo buhs) is an overuse injury at the front of the hip at the symphysis pubis joint. The symphysis pubis connects 2 of the main bones of the pelvis. The symphysis pubis is made up of the pubic bones, cartilage, a joint capsule, and joint fluid.
Learn MoreOsteochondritis Dissecans
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) is a condition in which a piece of cartilage and the underlying bone separate.
Learn MoreOsteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) is a condition that develops in the joints, most often in children and adolescents. OCD lesions can develop when the area of bone beneath the cartilage is injured. In children, they are most often found in the knee and elbow. They may also be found in the talus bone in the ankle.
Learn MoreOsteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum (OCD)
Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum (OCD) is a condition that affects the outside surface of the elbow that involves a separation of a segment of cartilage and the underlying bone. The bone underneath the joint’s cartilage is damaged due to lack of blood flow, causing pain.
Learn MoreOsteomyelitis in Children
Acute osteomyelitis is an infection in the bone. It develops over a short time, usually about 2 weeks. In children, osteomyelitis is more common in the long bones of the arms and legs. But it can affect any bone in the body. Read on to learn more.
Learn MoreOsteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a cancer of the bone. It starts in immature bone cells that normally form new bone tissue.
Learn MoreOsteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is the most common form of bone cancer in young people under age 20. Tumors are lumps or masses and usually affects the long bones near the knee or the shoulder.
Learn MoreOsteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma) in Children
Osteosarcoma is cancer of the bone. It is rare, but it is the most common type of bone cancer in children and teens. Learn more about risks, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Learn MoreOtitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)
Swimmer’s ear, also called otitis externa, is an infection of the skin in the outer ear canal. It is called “swimmer’s ear” because it often occurs when water stays in the ear canal and it is usually caused by bacteria or fungus found in swimming pools, lakes and rivers.
Learn MoreOtorrhea
Otorrhea is the medical term for ear drainage. In order for there to be drainage from the middle ear into the ear canal, there must be a connection present.
Learn MoreOvarian Cyst
An ovarian cyst s a fluid filled sac in or on the surface of an ovary. It often forms during or after ovulation.
Learn MoreOvarian Masses and Tumors
Ovaries can become enlarged due to cysts, masses or neoplasms. The vast majority of ovarian neoplasms in girls and young women are not cancerous. Most ovarian cysts do not cause significant symptoms and resolve spontaneously.
Learn MoreOvarian Neoplasm
This Helping Hand™ highlights ovarian neoplasm, which is an abnormal growth of cells in the ovary. It can be benign or malignant. Symptoms include abdominal bloating, weight loss, and fatigue. Treatment usually involves surgery and chemotherapy.
Learn MoreOveractive Let-Down
Many nursing mothers worry that their babies aren't getting enough milk. But what if the opposite is true? Here's what you can do to make sure you aren't overwhelming your baby during feeding time.
Learn MoreOveruse Injuries
Detailed information on overuse injuries in children, including jumper's knee, patellar tendonitis, little leaguers' elbow or shoulder, and more.
Learn MoreOverview of Blood and Blood Components
Human blood consists of about 22% solids and 78% water. The components of blood are plasma, fat globules, chemicals, and gases.
Learn MoreOverview of Craniofacial Anomalies
Detailed information on craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip, cleft palate, craniosynostosis, hemifacial microsomia, vascular malformation, hemangioma, and deformational plagiocephaly
Learn MoreOverview of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes occurs when not enough insulin is made. Or when the body is unable to use the insulin that is made. The 3 main types of diabetes are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
Learn MoreOverview of Diagnostic Tests for Nervous System Disorders in Children
Evaluating and diagnosing damage to the nervous system can be complicated. Many of the same symptoms occur in different combinations among the different disorders, and many disorders do not have definitive causes, markers, or tests.
Learn MoreOverview of Kidney Disorders in Children
Kidney disorders can show up on fetal ultrasound before birth. Or a healthcare provider may diagnose them after a urinary tract infection.
Learn MoreOverview of Nervous System Disorders in Children
The most common symptoms of nervous system disorders in children include delays in developmental milestones, an increase or lack of growth in head size, and a lack of coordination.
Learn MoreOverview of Pregnancy Loss
Pregnancy loss is the death of an unborn baby (fetus) at any time during pregnancy. Pregnancy loss may occur in as many as 1 in every 4 pregnancies. Most pregnancy losses happen during the first trimester.
Learn More
Helping Hands Patient Education Materials
Written and illustrated by medical, nursing and allied health professionals at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Helping Hand instructions are intended as a supplement to verbal instructions provided by a medical professional. The information is periodically reviewed and revised to reflect our current practice. However, Nationwide Children's Hospital is not responsible for any consequences resulting from the use or misuse of the information in the Helping Hands.