Understanding Parvovirus B19: A Guide for Parents

What is Parvovirus B19?

Parvovirus B19 is a virus that spreads easily through the air, via tiny droplets when someone coughs or sneezes. It can also spread from a mother to her baby during pregnancy.

Throughout 2024, there has been an increased number of cases of Parvovirus B19 in the United States and countries in Europe. 

How Does It Spread?

Parvovirus B19, which has also been known as “fifth disease,” spreads quickly, especially in places like schools and daycares. Teachers and daycare workers are at higher risk because they are around kids a lot. Exposure doesn’t always mean infection, however. If someone in your house gets it, there’s a 50% chance that others might get it too. 

Who Can Get It?

Anyone of any age can get parvovirus B19, but many adults have antibodies that protect them. By age 20, about half of adults have these antibodies, and by age 40, more than 70% do.

Symptoms to Watch For

Most people with parvovirus B19 don’t feel sick or show any symptoms. When they do, the symptoms vary according to their age. Kids might have a fever, muscle aches, and feel very tired. They will often get a bright red rash on their cheeks, called “slapped cheek” rash, and sometimes a body rash or joint pain. Adults usually get joint pain and a rash on their body.

What to Do If Your Child Gets Sick

If your child gets sick, they usually just need rest and fluids. Most kids who are otherwise healthy get better on their own. If your child has a weak immune system or a blood disorder, talk to your doctor.

Important Facts

• There’s no vaccine or antiviral medication for parvovirus B19.

• It’s rare to get very sick from it.

• Washing hands and covering coughs can help stop the spread.