How Does Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Affect Children?

A new study from my team at Nationwide Children’s shows that cannabis use during pregnancy can affect thinking, learning and aggression in children.

Cannabis, also known as marijuana or “weed,” is becoming legal medically and recreationally in more states. Because it is legal in more places, it is easier to get and more socially acceptable to use for many people.

Cannabis contains two primary components: cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). These components are also used in edible products made from cannabis.

Cannabis is a natural product, but that doesn’t mean is it safe. Using cannabis comes with many risks, especially for pregnant people. Pregnancy can be a challenging and stressful time for some people. Sometimes, they turn to cannabis for help with pregnancy-related nausea, sleep problems and stress.

Our research shows that children who were exposed to cannabis before they were born had poorer thinking and planning skills and trouble with behaviors like impulse control, paying attention and aggressive behavior.

How did we learn this?

We measured these skills and behaviors in a couple of different ways. First, we talked with parents and asked about their children’s behaviors. We also used game-like computerized tests and watched the children play in a controlled play area.  

Our findings were not surprising. They confirm and build on previous studies that show dangers of using cannabis while pregnant.

It’s important to know that doctors do not recommend using cannabis during pregnancy and can offer safer options for issues like stress, nausea and sleep problems. Two important organizations that offer guidance to doctors, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, both warn against using cannabis during pregnancy because of possible health risks to mothers and children.