Monkeypox, Now Mpox, Is Spreading: What You Need to Know

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic disease caused by a virus of the same family that includes the smallpox virus. The first human case was recorded in 1970, but it remained relatively rare and mostly confined to Central and West Africa for several decades.

In 2022, Mpox emerged as a global concern when it spread beyond its traditional regions. The increase in cases was largely due to international travel and imported animals. Mpox primarily spreads through close physical contact, including touching, kissing, or even talking with an infected person. The virus can also be transmitted via contaminated objects, such as clothing or bedding, and through contact with infected animals. Additionally, it can be passed from a pregnant person to their baby during pregnancy or birth.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms of Mpox typically appear between 3 and 17 days after exposure. Individuals may experience headaches, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosis of Mpox involves distinguishing it from other similar conditions like chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, and medication-associated allergies. Early testing is essential for effective care and to prevent severe illness and further transmission.

Treatment Dos and Don’ts

For those diagnosed with Mpox, treatment primarily focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms such as fever and pain. It is crucial to pay attention to nutrition, hydration, skin care, and to prevent secondary infections.

Do:

• Contact healthcare providers for guidance.
• Stay home and isolate in a well-ventilated room.
• Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
• Wear a mask and cover lesions when around others.
• When alone, keep lesions dry and uncovered.
• Avoid touching shared items and disinfect spaces regularly.
• Take warm baths with Epsom salts to soothe the skin.

Do Not:

• Pop blisters or scratch sores, as this can slow healing, spread the rash, and lead to secondary infections.
• Shave areas affected by lesions.

Preventing Mpox

Preventing Mpox involves avoiding close, skin-to-skin contact with individuals showing symptoms. Practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding shared items, is also essential. A vaccine (JYNNEOS) is available in some areas of the country and may be recommended to provide additional protection and help control outbreaks.