What to Know (and Do) About Bruises

Bruises are a normal part of growing up, especially for active kids who love to run, jump, and play. While they might look alarming, most bruises are harmless and heal on their own. Knowing why bruises happen and how they heal can help you treat bruises effectively and recognize when it’s time to see a doctor.

What Is a Bruise?

A bruise (also called a contusion) happens when small blood vessels under the skin break due to an impact. The leaked blood creates a red, blue, or purple mark. Over time, the body reabsorbs this blood, causing the bruise to change color and slowly fade. Although bruises may look dramatic, they usually heal without complications.

How Do They Happen?

Bruises typically form when we collide with something or take a tumble. The force damages blood vessels beneath the skin without breaking the skin’s surface. Children, who are still working on coordination skills, are especially prone to bumps and bruises. Active playtime, sports, or even normal exploring can all result in minor bruises.

When to Worry

Most bruises aren’t serious. However, contact your child’s doctor if bruises appear suddenly for no apparent reason, become unusually large, or do not improve within two weeks. Also, watch for signs of infection, like redness, warmth, and fever. A broken bone under a bruise is also possible with high-energy impacts. If your child develops severe pain or significant swelling, it’s time to seek medical advice.

Treating Bruises

Bruises heal on their own. However, there are some things parents can do to minimize pain and swelling. These include applying a cold compress or ice pack (wrapped in a thin cloth) for 10 to 15-minute intervals, raising the bruised area above the heart, and treating discomfort with over-the-counter pain relievers.

Preventing Bruises

While you can’t protect your child from every bump, you can reduce their risk. Encourage the use of protective gear for sports and active play and keep play areas clear of clutter. For younger children, consider baby-proofing sharp furniture edges. Teach kids to be aware of their surroundings and to move carefully to avoid accidental collisions.

Bruises are a normal part of childhood adventures. By understanding how they form, when to worry, and the best ways to treat and prevent them, you can ease concerns and keep minor injuries from becoming major issues. If you are unsure, it is always wise to check with your healthcare provider.