Conditions We Treat

Nasal Congestion

Nasal congestion, nasal obstruction, and mouth breathing are all descriptions of a similar condition where the nasal passages are blocked, resulting in the sensation of difficulty breathing through the nose.

Nasal Fracture in Children

A nasal fracture is a break in one or more of the bones of the nose, caused by trauma. It's also called a broken nose.

Nasal Turbinate Hypertrophy

Turbinate hypertrophy, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and nasal turbinate hypertrophy are all descriptions of a similar condition where the tissue on the lateral (outside) walls of the nose are too large, causing nasal obstruction.

Natal Teeth

Natal teeth are teeth that are present when a baby is born. The teeth are often not fully developed and may have a weak root.

Neck Masses

Detailed information on the different types of neck masses in children

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in the Newborn

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious illness in newborns. It happens when tissue in the large intestine (colon) gets inflamed. This inflammation damages and sometimes kills the tissue in your baby’s colon.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Neonatal abstinence syndrome is what happens when babies are exposed to drugs in the uterus before birth. Babies can then go through drug withdrawal after birth.

Neonatal Diabetes

Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of diabetes that occurs within the first 6 months of life.

Neonatal Hypothyroidism

Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

HIE is a type of brain damage. It’s caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain before or shortly after birth.

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Nephrotic syndrome is a problem where too much protein called albumin is released from the body into the urine. It means that one or both kidneys are damaged.

Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by symptoms that result from changes that occur to the small, functional filters in the kidneys.

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor. It grows in nerve tissue of babies and young children. The cancer cells grow in young nerve cells of a baby growing in the womb. These cells are called neuroblasts. It’s in the most common cancer in babies under age 1. It’s rare in children older than age 10.

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a rare cancer that develops from immature nerve cells. It most commonly arises in and around the adrenal glands, but can also develop in other areas of the body.

Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children

Neurocutaneous syndromes are disorders that affect the brain, spinal cord, organs, skin, and bones. The diseases are lifelong conditions that can cause tumors to grow in these areas. They can also cause other problems, such as hearing loss, seizures, and developmental problems.

Neurogenic Bladder in Children

Neurogenic bladder means the bladder doesn't work normally because of nerve damage. It causes a child to have problems with holding or releasing urine.

Neurological Conditions and Pregnancy

Detailed information on neurologic conditions in pregnancy

Neurological Disorders in the Newborn

Detailed information on the most common neurological disorders in the newborn

Neurological Exam for Children

Is it time for your baby to have a full physical exam? Your pediatrician might want to conduct a neurological exam. Don't worry, this series of tests designed to evaluate your child's nervous system is painless. Here's what it entails.

Neuromuscular Disorders

Detailed information on the most common neuromuscular disorders in children

Neuromuscular Disorders

Patients benefit from coordinated care from specialists, all with expertise in pediatric neuromuscular disorders.

Newborn Appearance

Newborns have many variations in normal appearance, from their skin color to the shape of their head. Here's a look at some of the normal variations you can expect.

Newborn Babies: Getting Ready at Home

Newborns need just some basic items at first. These include a warm and safe place to sleep, food, clothing, and diapers. Here's a helpful guide to the essentials.

Newborn Clavicle Fractures

Clavicle (collar bone) fractures are the most common injury sustained by newborns during birth. Factors that may increase the risk for a clavicle fracture include the newborn being large in size, the newborn’s shoulder getting stuck during delivery, or the use of tools to assist with the delivery.

Newborn Complications

Detailed information on the most common types of newborn complications

Newborn Crying

Crying is the way babies communicate. They cry because of hunger, discomfort, frustration, tiredness, and even loneliness.

Newborn Health Assessment

Detailed information on newborn health assessments

Newborn Measurements

Your newborn will be weighed in the hospital and at all check-ups. In most cases, metric units are used to record babies' weight. This chart will help you convert the metric unit grams (g) to pounds (lb) and ounces (oz).

Newborn Metabolic Screening

Because some potential problems aren't readily seen at birth, all newborns are tested for certain conditions, including metabolic disorders.

Newborn Reflexes

Ever wonder why your baby flings his arms out sideways when startled? This reaction--called the Moro reflex--is one of many natural reflexes your newborn should exhibit. Read on to learn about common newborn reflexes and what they mean.

Newborn Screening Tests

A national program exists to screen all newborns for certain disorders in the first few days of life.

Newborn Senses

Babies are born with all five senses--sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Some of the senses are not fully developed.

Newborn Sleep Patterns

New parents are often unsure how long and how often a newborn should sleep. Read on to learn about general newborn sleep patterns, the quiet alert phases, and how to help your baby fall asleep.

Newborn Warning Signs

Most newborns adjust well to the outside world. But it's helpful to know about these warning signs that could indicate a possible problem.

Nightmares and Night Terrors

A night terror is a partial waking from sleep with behaviors such as screaming, kicking, panic, sleep walking, thrashing, or mumbling.

Noisy Breathing (Stertor, Stridor or Wheezing)

Noisy breathing is common, especially in children. and can be a sign of many different conditions. Noisy breathing is typically caused by a partial blockage or narrowing at some point in the airways. Types of noisy breathing include low-pitched, stridor and wheezing.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in American children. NAFLD occurs when too much fat builds up in the liver. Excess fat in the liver and elsewhere in the body makes it harder for the liver to work well. Over time, NAFLD can cause other health issues.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children

Detailed information on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including causes, staging, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Noninfectious Skin Conditions

Detailed information on non-infectious skin conditions, including dermatitis, acne, drug rashes, poison ivy/poison oak, and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Non-Ossifying Fibromas

Non-ossifying fibromas (NOFs) are made of fibrous or “scar” tissue in the bone. They are not cancerous and they do not spread to other parts of the body or bone.

Nonstress Testing

A nonstress test is a type of test done during pregnancy. It measures the heart rate of the unborn baby in response to its movements. In most cases, the heart rate of a healthy baby increases when the baby moves.

Nontraditional Inheritance

Detailed information on nontraditional inheritance, including uniparental disomy and Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome, trinucleotide repeats and Fragile-X Syndrome, and mitochondrial inheritance and Leber's Optic Atrophy

Normal Breast Development

Breast development occurs in distinct stages, first before birth, and again at puberty and during the childbearing years. Changes also occur to the breasts during menstruation and when a woman reaches menopause.

Normal Growth

A child's growth not only involves the length and weight of his or her body, but also internal growth and development.

Normal Newborn Behaviors and Activities

Detailed information on normal newborn behaviors and activities

Normal Vision

To understand how certain problems can affect your child's vision, it’s important to know how normal vision happens.

Nose and Throat Disorders

Detailed information on nose and throat disorders in children

Nosebleed (Epistaxis) in Children

A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel. Most nosebleeds in children occur in the front part of the nose close to the nostrils.

Nosebleeds

In this Helping Hand™, we discuss nosebleeds. Also known as epistaxis, nosebleeds occur when small and delicate blood vessels (capillaries) in the lining of the nose break and bleed. There are many things you can do to stop a nosebleed. If your child’s nosebleed does not stop, call your doctor.

Nosebleeds (Epistaxis)

Nosebleeds, also called epistaxis, commonly occur in children for a number of reasons.

Nursemaid’s Elbow in Children

Nursemaid's elbow is a type of elbow injury. It's when a forearm bone (radius) slips out of place from where it normally attaches to the elbow joint.

Nursemaid's Elbow

This Helping Hand™ explains what Nursemaid's elbow is and talks about how to prevent it.

Nutrition and Burns

A child who has been burned needs additional calories and protein to help them heal and grow.

Nutrition and Fluids in the NICU

When your baby is in the NICU, your main concern is getting them healthy and home. That means feeding your baby and having them gain weight. But feeding babies in the NICU is quite different from feeding healthy babies. Here's what you need to know.

Nutrition and Nephrotic Syndrome

Here is information on nutrition and diet for children with nephrotic syndrome.

Nutrition and Renal Failure

Detailed information on nutrition and renal failure in children

Nutrition Before Pregnancy

Pre-onception nutrition is a vital part of preparing for pregnancy. Read on to learn more about your nutritional needs before getting pregnant.

Nutrition Index

Detailed nutrition information for mothers who are breastfeeding or bottle-feeding, and toddlers, preschool-aged children, school-aged children, and adolescents

Nutrition- School-Age

Helpful information and tips on healthy food choices for school-age children.

Nutritional Requirements for a Child With Cancer

Good nutrition is vital for children being treated for cancer, yet these young patients often have poor appetites.